TEACHING
METHODOLOGIES
by: JUMEL I. ABELLERA
DEFINITION OF TERMS
APPROACH is a procedure
that employs a variety of strategies to access better understanding and
effective learning.
METHOD/STRATEGY refers to an
organized, orderly, systematic, well-planned procedure. Methods direct and
guide the teacher in all class activities and involve as well, the organization
of materials to get things done.
A
TECHNIQUE is implementational and that
which actually takes place in a classroom. It is a particular trick used to
accomplish an immediate objective.
HOW TO OPEN A
LESSON
1. Personalizing and Warming-Up the Climate.
The teacher shares positive feelings
about events or work of the students.
2. Using an Attention Getter.
The teacher
brings objects that are related to the lesson and are new to students.
3. Relating the Lesson to the World of Students.
Teachers need to
establish connection between the experimental world of students and the topics
to be
introduced if learning is to take place.
introduced if learning is to take place.
4. Reviewing Past Work.
For the students
to realize that the new lesson is associated with the previous one, teachers
have to ask
students about the knowledge, skills, and values they have learned.
students about the knowledge, skills, and values they have learned.
5. Using Advance Organizers.
Advance
organizers are statements which will help the students process the lesson about
to be introduced.
MOTIVATION
- Motivation
is a driving force that impels one to react.
- It
makes the learner get interested in learning and keeps the learner engaged in
learning.
Kinds of
Motivation
o
Intrinsic
Motivation
– It originates from the students’ inner selves. Intrinsic motivation is
greatly influence by the innate values and attitudes possessed by the student.
o
Extrinsic
Motivation
– It originates from the students’ learning environment. It takes the form of
rewards or incentives or recognitions.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN THE SELECTING
TEACHING METHOD TO EMPLOY
1.
Learning
is an active process
What I hear, I forget.
What I hear and see, I remember a little.
What I hear, see, and ask questions
about or discuss with someone else, I begin to understand
What I hear, see, discuss and do, I
acquire knowledge and skill
What I teach to another, I master
(Silberman, 1996)
2.
The
more senses that are involved in learning, the more and the better the learning
3.
An
integrated teaching approach is far more effective than teaching isolated bits
of information
4.
There
is no such thing as best teaching method. The best method is the one that
works, the one that yield
results.
results.
DIRECT/EXPOSITIVE
INSTRUCTION APPROACH
Direct
Instruction
- is
a way of teaching which is aimed at helping students acquire some basic skills
and “procedural
knowledge”
- The
strategy is teacher-directed
- The
emphasis is on how to execute the steps of the entire procedure.
- This
is a form of learning through imitation.
Deductive Method
- It
begins with the abstract rule, generalization, principle and ends with specific
examples, and concrete details
- The
deductive approach is teacher-dominated.
- No
bother on the part of the teacher to lead learners to the formulation of the
generalization or rule
Inductive Method
- It
begins with specific details, concrete data and examples and ends with an
abstract generalization rule, or principle
- The
inductive method is less teacher-directed.
- The
learners are more engaged in the teaching-learning process.
- It
helps the development of our learners’ higher-order-thinking-skills
Demonstration
Method
- The
teacher shows how to operate, manipulate equipment while the class observes.
- The
demonstrative method is teacher-dominated.
- The
value of confidence is developed among the demonstrators
- Curiosity
and keen observing ability are instilled among the observers
GUIDED /
EXPLORATORY APPROACH
Problem Solving
Method
- Problem
solving is a teaching strategy that employs the scientific method in searching
for information.
Project Method
- It
requires students to present in concrete form a learned concept or principle.
- The
project may be a task or product
The
Constructivist Approach
- This
approach demands students to construct their own meaning out of their own
learning approach
- A
meaningful connection is established between prior knowledge and the present
learning activity
Reflective
Teaching
- Reflective
teaching is anchored on the ability of the teacher to guide students to reflect
on their own experiences in order to arrive at new understandings and meanings.
Cooperative
Learning Approach
- Cooperative
learning is a group helping each other learn but keeping each individual member
accountable for his-her learning
Team Teaching
- Team
teaching is an effective approach if there a need for an authority or an expert
on a special topic which is included in the unit.
- This
could be described as a multidisciplinary
approach.
Peer Tutoring / Peer Teaching
- Peer
tutoring is commonly employed when the teacher requests the older, brighter and
more cooperative member of the class to tutor (coach, teach instruct) other
classmates.
Partner Learning
- Partner
learning is teaming up with a classmate as a partner for learning
- This
may also mean assigning “study buddy.”
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
-
KWL
(Know, Want to Know, Learned)
-
Game,
Puzzle, Brain Teaser, Acrostic, Analogies
-
Editorial,
Anecdote, Stories, News, Scenario
-
Video
clip, Song, Poem, Picture without caption
-
Voting,
Debate
-
Devil’s
Advocate
-
Quotable
Quote
-
Interview,
Library research, Internet research
-
Experiment,
Hands-on Learning
-
Using
Graphic Organizers
-
Performance,
Demonstration, Talk Show
-
Authentic
Project, Portfolio
-
Reading,
Writing
-
Passport
to Leave, Journal Writing
-
3/2/1
Countdown
-
Lecture
“The MEDIOCRE
teacher tells.
The GOOD
teacher explains.
The SUPERIOR
teacher demonstrates.
The GREAT
teacher inspires.”
-William Arthur Ward
References:
Acero,
V.O., Javier, E.S. and Castro, H.O. (2000) Principles
and Strategies of Teaching. Quezon City, Philippines: Rex Printing Company,
Inc.
Bilbao,
Purita P. (2008) Curriculum Development.
Quezon City, Philippines: Adriana Printing Co., Inc.
Corpuz,
B.B. and Salandanan, G.G. (2007) Principles
of Teaching 1. Quezon City, Philippines: Adriana Printing Co., Inc.
Garcia, Carlito D. (2005) Principles and Strategies of Teaching: A
Skills Approach. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Books Atbp. Publishing
House Corp.
Salandanan, Gloria G. (2005) Teaching and the Teacher. Quezon City,
Philippines: Lorimar Publishing Company Inc.
Salandanan, G. G. & Lorimar
Publishing, Inc. (2009) Methods of
Teaching, revised edition. Quezon City, Philippines: Adriana Printing Co.,
Inc
